2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题试卷（第2套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit communication in the workplace. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) A six-month-long negotiation. C) A project with a troublesome client.
B) Preparations for the party. D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues.
2. A) Take wedding photos. C) Start a small business.
B) Advertise her company. D) Throw a celebration party.
3. A) Hesitant. C) Flattered.
B) Nervous. D) Surprised.
4. A) Start her own bakery. C) Share her cooking experience.
B) Improve her baking skill. D) Prepare food for the wedding.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) They have to spend more time studying.
B) They have to participate in club activities.
C) They have to be more responsible for what they do.
D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline.
6. A) Get ready for a career. C) Set a long-term goal.
B) Make a lot of friends. D) Behave like adults.
7. A) Those who share her academic interests. C) Those who can help her when she is in need.
B) Those who respect her student commitments. D) Those who go to the same clubs as she does.
8. A) Those helpful for tapping their potential.
B) Those conducive to improving their social skills.
C) Those helpful for cultivating individual interests.
D) Those conducive to their academic studies.
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking.
B) They are prepared to work harder than anyone else.
C) They are good at refining old formulas.
D) They bring their potential into full play.
10. A) They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide.
B) They resulted in a brnew style of skiing techniques.
C) They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles.
D) They made explosive news in the sports world.
11. A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports.
B) He competed in all major skiing events in the world.
C) He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics.
D) He broke three world skiing records in three years.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) They appear restless. C) They become upset.
B) They lose consciousness. D) They die almost instantly.
13. A) It has an instant effect on your body chemistry.
B) It keeps returning to you every now then.
C) It leaves you with a long-lasting impression.
D) It contributes to the shaping of your mind.
14. A) To succeed while feeling irritated. C) To be free from frustration failure.
B) To feel happy without good health. D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods.
15. A) They are closely connected. C) They are too complex to understand.
B) They function in a similar way. D) They reinforce each other constantly.
Section C
Directions:
In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) They differ in their appreciation of music.
B) They focus their attention on different things.
C) They finger the piano keys in different ways.
D) They choose different pieces of music to play.
17. A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates.
B) They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors.
C) They try hard to meet the spectators’ expectations.
D) They attach great importance to high performance.
18. A) It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science.
B) It adopts a conventional approach to research.
C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom.
D) It gives rise to controversy among experts.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) People’s envy of slim models. C) The increasing range of fancy products.
B) People’s craze for good health. D) The great variety of slimming products.
20. A) They appear vigorous. C) They look charming.
B) They appear strange. D) They look unhealthy.
21. A) Culture upbringing. C) Peer pressure.
B) Wealth social status. D) Media influence.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just beard.
22. A) The relation between hair skin. C) The color of human skin.
B) The growing interest in skin studies. D) The need of skin protection.
23. A) The necessity to save energy. C) The need to breathe with ease.
B) Adaptation to the hot environment. D) Dramatic climate changes on earth.
24. A) Leaves grass. C) Their skin coloring.
B) Man-made shelter. D) Hair on their skin.
25 A) Their genetic makeup began to change. C) Their children began to mix with each other.
B) Their communities began to grow steadily. D) Their pace of evolution began to quicken.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel 26 become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength toughness—without the need for expensive 28 .
Steel’s fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful “Liberty ships” was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the 29 British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships 30 in the icy north Atlantic, 12 broke in half sank.
Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have 31 to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.
Yuuji Kimura colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 32 . Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.
The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength toughness that is 33 to that of modern steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.
Kimura’s team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job their weight—by replacing solid supports with 35 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings bridges.
A) abruptly
B) additives
C) approach
D) ardently
E) besieged
F) channel
G) comparable
H) components I) cracked
J) fractures
K) hollow
L) relevant
M) reshuffled
N) strived
O) violent
Section B
Directions:
In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce Waste
[A] As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.
[B] Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials metals. It is also partly due to both consumers companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.
[C] When choosing what products to buy which brands to buy from, more more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world’s leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. the U.K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use reducing waste.
[D] For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest most convenient option.
[E] Some retailers manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, electronics industries have launched environmental programs. They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expthe longevity of their products, they’re promising quality durability to consumers, receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly.
[F] For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothing store, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear, at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company’s CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.
[G] In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called “Sustainable Footprint” since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brinto an Adidas store to be shredded turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash. They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, it even offers a diseach time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company’s values.
[H] Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical electronic equipment its parts) with North America Europe accounting for 8 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, aluminum—materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components parts into new products.
[I] For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling restoring value to products:
[J] Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.
[K] Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn’t always enough to make consumers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools, even if they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $100, DeWalt launched a trade-in program to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, Dewalt now reuses those materials to create new products.
[L] Start with a trial program, expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion’s share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.
[M] Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between the retailer/producer the consumer isn’t just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values responsibilities.
[N] These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside more to be re-utilized from the inside.
[O] Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources more from getting better use out of the resources we already have—but they must also get customers engaged in the process.
36. Some companies believe that products’ prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment customers.
37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation environmental protection when deciding what to buy.
38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness.
39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brreputation enhanced.
40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.
41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.
42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.
43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products’ lifespan.
44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.
45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.
Section C
Directions:
There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) D). You should decide on the best choice mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has d a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision Disney.
The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent on-set (制作中) safety precautions.
The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.
But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.
“It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.”
Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,” says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.
“yet that happens every day in the video game world,” Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year a half.”
Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,” Witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.”
46. Why did SAG-AFTRA a strike against some video game publishers?
A) The labor contract between them had been violated.
B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.
C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.
D) The negotiations between them had broken down.
47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?
A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years. C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.
B) It has become more open transparent. D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.
48. What are the voice actors demanding?
A) More regular employment. C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.
B) A non-discriminatory contract. D) A limit on the maximum work hours.
49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?
A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.
B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.
C) They are not paid on a regular basis.
D) They are not employed full-time.
50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?
A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.
B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.
C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.
D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris track manage traffic in space.
This policy set the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.
Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.
it’s not like this hasn’t happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tacks about 24,000 objects in space, in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.
That’s why this new policy also includes directions to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit—Vanguard 1—turned 60 in 2018.
Agencies companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.
51. What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy?
A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.
B) To encourage companies to join in space programs.
C) To make the best use of satellites in space.
D) To improve traffic conditions in space.
52. What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?
A) Reduce debris in space. C) Regulate the launching of new satellites.
B) Monitor satellite operations. D) satellite communications technology.
53. What does the U. S. government hope to do with the new space policy?
A) Set international standards for the space flight industry.
B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.
C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.
D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration.
54. What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?
A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.
B) Acfor the debris it has released into space at any time.
C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.
D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.
55. What are space agencies companies aiming to do at present?
A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.
B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem.
C) Limit the amount of debris entering space.
D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
